Approximately half of the clothes sold by large online fashion brands such as Boohoo and Asos are made entirely from virgin plastic materials such as polyester, despite a push to reduce the huge environmental impact of the fashion industry.
An analysis of 10,000 items added to the Asos, Boohoo, Missguided and PrettyLittleThing websites over a fortnight in May found an average of 49% were made entirely of new plastics such as polyester, acrylic and nylon. In some stores just 1% contained recycled fabric, according to the Royal Society for Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) study.
The fast-fashion boom has caused the use of synthetic fibres, which are made using fossil fuels, to double over the past 20 years. These “cheap” materials, said Josie Warden, the RSA’s head of regenerative design who co-authored the report, had fuelled an “explosion of fast, throwaway fashion”.
“These fabrics may be cheap at the point of sale, but they form part of a petrochemical economy which is fuelling runaway climate change and pollution,” she added. “The production of synthetic fibres uses large amounts of energy.”
The climate crisis has increased pressure on the fashion industry to mend its ways. In the UK 300,000 tonnes of clothing is burned or buried every year, leading to brands such as PrettyLittleThing and Missguided being criticised for encouraging unsustainable consumption with gimmicks such as 8p dresses and £1 bikinis.
Some young shoppers may not realise how different types of fabrics are made, the report suggests.
The sheer volume of clothing produced by the websites was “shocking” said Warden, who suggested consumers should see these synthetic fabrics as part of the same problem as single-use plastic packaging.
Sign up to the daily Business Today email
“We can no longer use plastics to create poorly made garments which are designed to be worn only a handful of times. These use large amounts of energy and create environmental damage in their production, and can take thousands of years to break down,” she said.
“Other materials, such as cotton and viscose, can also create environmental problems, so ultimately it is the scale of production that needs to change.”
Fashion chain Gap to close 19 stores in the UK and IrelandRead more
After revelations of poor pay and conditions in some of the factories it used, Boohoo, which owns PrettyLittleThing, has embarked on a complete overhaul of its supply chain. With 80% of its clothes made from either cotton or polyester, it has pledged that by 2025 these fabrics will be either recycled or more sustainable.
A spokesperson for Missguided said the brand had dramatically reduced its use of virgin plastic but agreed “there’s more to do”. It said 10% of its products would use recycled fibres by the end of 2021, and 25% by the end of 2022.
Asos highlighted action it was taking, including using more recycled synthetics and sustainable cotton and introducing a curated responsible edit to guide shoppers to clothes made with sustainable materials.
The RSA is calling for a per-item “plastics tax” on clothing imported into or produced in the UK using virgin plastics, although in 2019 the government rejected recommendations from MPs to bring in a 1p per garment levy. More simply, it suggests consumers buy less and make fewer impulse purchases.
